Atoms

What is atom?

all materials consist of atoms, and atoms are made up of smaller particles called (protons, neutrons, and electrons). The center or nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons. The electrons orbit around the nucleus just like the moon orbits around the earth. Electrons have a negative charge, while protons have a positive charge and neutrons are neutral (i.e., they have no charge).

The electron is two thousand times smaller in mass than a proton, but its electrical charge is equal to that of a proton.

In solid materials protons fixed & some electrons free to move around.

What are free electrons?

The free electron is an electron that is not attached to an ion, atom, or molecule and is free to move under the influence of an applied electric or magnetic field

THEREFORE free electrons are easy to move around depends on the material

When an electrical source (such as a battery) is attached by a wire to a form of resistance (such as a light or motor), and a circuit is completed back to the source or to the ground, free electrons are released into the wire, creating an electrical potential or voltage. The electrons bounce against other electrons in the wire, which are repelled because they have the same electrical charge. They go on bouncing against other free electrons down the wire, causing a flow of electrons-an electrical current. Provided there is somewhere for the electrons to go and be converted into another form of energy (such as inside a light or motor), the electrons will flow out the far end.